高考英语语法情态动词知识讲解

时间:2022-10-10 06:52:37 英语知识 我要投稿
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高考英语语法情态动词知识讲解

  1.情态动词 + have done sth

高考英语语法情态动词知识讲解

  这个结构有着特殊意义:用来表示猜测(设想可能发生过什么事情)或

  想象(设想可能出现过什么不同的情况)

  ①should (ought to) have done sth 本来该做而未做

  This wall oughtnt to have been painted blue.

  ②need have done sth 本来有必要做而未做

  You neednt have told her the news.

  ③must have done sth 对过去所做动作的肯定推测

  ---We went to Paris.

  ---That must have been nice.

  ④can have done sth 对过去所做动作的否定或疑问推测

  I dont think he can have heard you. Call again.

  Where can John have put the matches?

  ⑤may (might) have done sth 过去可能发生某事,与could相比,may和 might可能性较小,might 可能性更小;might 也可表示过去可能发生而未发生的事情。

  Pollys very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain.

  You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself

  ⑥could have done sth

  ●推测过去”可能“发生某事 (同can, 但can不用肯定句)

  She could have gone off with some friends.

  ●表示过去没有实现的可能性:某事可能发生,但却没有发生

  You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg.

  ●表示有能力做而未做(虚拟语气)

  You could have helped me !

  (You were able to help me, but you didn’t.)

  2、can could be able to 表示”能力“

  ●can 通常表示现在的或”一般的能力“---即你无论什么时候想做就能

  做到的能力, 指单纯的表示一个人有某种能力。

  You cacertainly cook, even if you can’t do anything else.

  ●be able to表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事。

  will be able to 表示将来的能力

  I’ll be able to speak German in another few months.

  ●could 表达 ”一般的能力“---即你过去想干什么就可以干什么

  She could sing like an angel when she was a kid.

  但could 不能表达过去某种具体的能力,此时用was able to, managed to 或 succeeded in 等

  How many eggs were you able to get ?

  3、can, could, may和might 表示”可能性

  ●可用来表示:①理论上的可能性(不涉及是否真发生);②提出建议

  (提出解决某个问题的可能办法或者采取的行动);③在问句或否定句中表达现在的可能性)

  Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.

  ①---What shall we do ?

  ---We can try asking Lucy for help. ②

  Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly? ③

  ●may 可用来表达:①将来的可能性;②说话时某事可能是真实的

  We may go climbing this summer. ①

  You may be right. ②

  ●could / might 可用来表示: ①说话时某事可能是真实的;②将来

  某事有可能发生,但不表示特别可能发生。

  You could be right, but I don’t think you are. ①

  It could rain later on this evening. ②

  4、can,could,may和might表示“允许” ①请求允许:它们都可以表示请求允许做某事,could 和 might并不是表示过去

  Can (May, Could) I borrow your umbrella ?

  ②允许:当我们允许某人做某事时,我们用can和may来表达,而不能使用could和might

  You may / can watch TV for as long as you like. (不用could, might; mustn’t 有“拒绝”的意思)

  ---Could I use your phone?

  ---Yes, of course you can /may. (No, you can’t / may not.)

  5、can和could表示提议和请求 它们常用来提议为某人做某事或请求别人做某事,could更客气,更

  含尊敬的成分,这种用法常见于陈述句和疑问句中

  ①提议:

  Can I carry your bag ?

  I could / can do the shopping for you, if you’re tired.

  ②请求和命令:

  Could / Can you help me with this letter?

  You can / could start by cleaning the car.

  6、情态动词will ①预测未来(第一人称用shall),或发布命令

  ---There’s someone coming up the stairs.

  ---That’ll be Mary.

  You’ll start work at six o’clock.

  ②自愿与意向

  ●I will (不用 I shall) 表示自愿做某事,或主动提出做某事,或表达坚定的意图

  ---Can somebody help me ?

  --- I will.

  I’ll break your neck.

  ●will you常用来提出要求或下命令,或提出请求

  Will you come this way, please?

  Will you have some more wine ?

  ●用won’t表示拒绝

  No, I won’t !

  She won’t open the door.

  7、shall

  用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见(说话人做某事)。

  用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。

  用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

  8、常用情态动词的回答 ①---Must we hand in our plan ?

  ---Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t.)

  ②---Need I come ?

  ---Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t.)

  ③---May I smoke here ?

  ---Yes, please. (Certainly. / Yes, you may. )

  (No, you mustn’t. / may not. / Please don’t.)

  ④---Could / Can I offer you some coffee ? (提议)

  (---Will / Would you have some coffee ?)

  ---Yes, please. / Yes, I’d like some ,please. (不用Yes, you can.)

  (No, thank you.) (不用No, you can’t.)

  ⑤---Could / Can / Would / Will you (please) open the door ?(请求)

  ---Yes, of course (I will). (No, I’m afraid I can’t.)

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