中学英语常见知识点归纳

时间:2021-02-19 15:42:02 英语知识 我要投稿

中学英语常见知识点归纳

  §1 feed/ keep

中学英语常见知识点归纳

  Ⅰ. feed “喂养”,强调具体的动作,意为:“给……喂食、给……东西吃”常用句型为:feed sb. / sth.(on sth); feed sth. to sb./ sth. 给(人或动物)某物作为食物。如:

  ① Mr King has a large family to feed. 金先生要养活一大家人。

  ② What do you feedyour dog on?你用什么喂狗?

  ③ Feed some stewed(炖的)apple to the baby. 给婴儿多喂些炖苹果。

  Ⅱ. keep “饲养”,指总体情况,不涉及具体动作。如:

  ① The old woman kept many dogs. 那位老太太养了许多狗。

  §2 festival/ holiday/ red-letter day/ vacation

  Ⅰ.festival“节日”其特点是同欢乐,如:外国的圣诞节,我国的春节等。

  ① Christmas and Easter are Church festival.圣诞节和复活节都是教会的节日。

  ② A number of new films were shown during the Spring Festival.

  Ⅱ.red-letter day “纪念、节日、大喜日子”,指日历是用红字标明的日子,如:

  There aare many red-letter day round the year.

  Ⅲ.vacation通常指按规定停下工作或学习等活动而休息的一段时间,一般较长,如学校里的寒暑假。如:

  The summer vacation is over. 暑假已经过去了。

  §3 few/ a few/ little/ a little

  few和a few 修饰可数名词,little 和a little 修饰不可数名词;few和little表否定意义,可受very修饰。a few 和a little表肯定意义,可受only修饰。如:

  ① Few people will agree to the plan because it’s too dangerous.

  ② This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it.

  ③ -------There is little water left in my glass.

  -------Will you please give me some?

  ④ Don’t worry, we have a little time left.

  §4fairly /quite / rather

  Ⅰ. fairly 多用于褒义,语气最弱,表“适度、尚可”等意思。

  ① It’s fairly cold out; wear a jacket. 外面颇冷,穿件外套。

  ② This is a fairly easy book. 这是一本相当浅易的书。

  Ⅱ. Quite 与fairly 用法相似,但语气较强。如:

  ① It is quite cold out; wear a coat. 外面很冷,穿件外套。

  ② You are not quite happy this morning. 你今天早上我太高兴。

  Ⅲ. rather 多用于贬义。语气在这三个词中最强。如:

  It is rather cold out; wear a warm coat. 外面相当冷,穿件暖和人大衣。

  §5 fight/ struggle/battle

  Ⅰ.fight 意为“战斗”,指人与人,动物与动物,用武器或不用武器的战斗,也可以引伸其义,如:

  They fought their enemies bravely. 他们勇敢斗敌。

  Ⅱ.struggle意为“斗争”,指那些费力、很艰苦、时间长的斗争,如:

  His life was a hard struggle with sickness. 他一生与疾病作了艰苦的斗争。

  Ⅲ.battle“作战”,一般指有组织的武装部队之间的斗争。如:

  They were wounded in battle. 他们都在战斗中受了伤。

  作为名词时,fight和battle都有“战斗”的意思,有时可以通用。如:

  The fight/battle lasted a long time. 这次战斗持续了很长时间。

  1) fight的意义比较广泛,还可指人对自然界的斗争,有时也指人们之间的斗争。如:

  We have starded a fight against pollution. 我们已开始了一场消除污染的斗争。

  2) struggle相当于a hard fight(奋斗),如:

  The slaves won their struggle for freedom. 奴隶们为自由而进行的斗争胜利了。

  §6 fill/ full

  Ⅰ.fill为及物动词,表“使……满”,常与介词with搭配,表达“被……充满”时用be filled with结构。如:

  ① The bottle is filled with water. 这只瓶子装满了水。

  ② He was filled with joy at the news. 听到这个消息,他内心充满了喜悦。

  Ⅱ.full是形容词,多作表语,表示主语所处的状态,常见于be full of 结构中。如:

  ① The schoolbag is full of books. 书包里装满了书。

  ② He drew in an old badsket full of sand. 他捞上来一个灌满泥沙的旧蓝子。

  [注]:be filled with = be full of .可以互换。但介词with与of 不能混淆。如:

  The room is full of people. = The room is filled with people.

  §7 final/ last

  Ⅰ.final表终止或结束之意,有时带有决定性或结论性等意味。如:

  ① Today is the final day of this term. 今天是本学期的最后一天。

  ② We shall know the final results of the elections tomorrow. 明天我们将知道选举的最后结果。

  Ⅱ.last “最后的、末尾的”指按次序的前后或时间的先后居于最后,并意味着后面不再有了。如:

  ① My house stands in the last row.

  ② He was the last one to enter.

  §8 finally/ at last/ in the end

  这三个都可以作“最后”讲,但用法不同。

  Ⅰ.finally表动作的发生顺序是在“最后”,无感情色彩,只用于过去时,它居句首时较多。

  Ⅱ.at last 表经过一定曲折之后某事才发生,强调努力的结果,带有较强的感情色彩,须用一般过去时。

  Ⅲ.in the end 表事物发展的自然顺序的“终结”,有时或与 finally相互替换,但用于对将来的预测,则只能用in the end。如:

  ① Did the man in the shop understand him at last?

  ② Finally he went to see the famous man himself.

  ③ I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end.

  §9famous as / famous for

  Ⅰ. (be) famous as “以(某种身份)……出名(著名)”as后跟人宾语往往与主语同位。如:

  ① She is famous as a poet. 他以一名诗人而著名。

  ② The town is famous as a car-making place. 该城镇以制造汽车而闻名。

  Ⅱ. (be) famouse for “困……而闻名(驰名)”表示由于某种特征而出名,for后的宾语一般为主语人从属内容。如:

  ① China has been famous for its silk. 中国素以丝绸闻名。

  ② This city is famous for its big gambling resort. 该市因其大赌场而驰名。

  §10 fix/ mend/ repair

  Ⅰ. 这三个词都可译为“修理”,但fix 一词在美语中应用更广泛。fix 和repair 一样,都表示使受到一定损坏或失灵的东西恢复其性状或机能,如“修理、安装”钟表、收音机、照相机、电视机、汽车和机床等大型物体。repair 还可以用于修筑堤坝、道路和建筑等。如:

  a

  Ⅱ mend 一般用于“修补”破损的东西使其恢复原样,一般指较小之物。如衣服、鞋袜、伞和桌椅等。如:

  mend

  §11foolish/ silly / stupid

  Ⅰ.foolish 的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”,指显得缺乏判断力或普通常识的人或言行等。如:

  ① How foolish of you to condent! 你竟会同意,多么愚蠢啊!

  ② Don’t be so foolish. 别那么傻。

  ③ He is a foolish man to throw away such a chance. 他放弃这样的机会真是个傻瓜。

  Ⅱ.silly的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”,表示愚蠢到了极点,以致令人发笑或轻视,它还常常表示没有意思、无聊等意义。如:

  ① How silly of you to do that! 你竟做那件事,多么愚蠢啊!

  ② That is a silly story. 那是一个无聊的故事。

  Ⅲ.stupid的意思是“愚蠢的、笨的”,指智力差,觉察理解力、学习能力等差。它有时可与foolish或silly通用,但其意味最强。如:

  ① He is a stupid person. 他是个蠢人。

  ② How stupid of him to overlook such an obvious mistake. 如此明显的错误他居然都没有看出来,多么愚蠢呀!

  §12for short/ short for

  Ⅰ.for short意为“简称”、“缩写”,是介词词组,常用作状语,如:

  ① The teacher told Tom to write the text for short. 老师要汤姆缩写课文。

  Ⅱ.short for意为“是。。。 。。。的缩写”与be 动词连用,构成系表结构作谓语,如:

  ① “There’re” is short for “there are”.

  §13 from now on/ from then on

  from now on“从现在起”,是以现在为起点延续下去,谓语通常用将来时态。from then on“从那时起”,是以过去为起点延续下来,谓语通常用过去时态和完成时态。如:

  ① She is going to live with you from now on. 从现在起我将刻苦学习。

  ② From then on, he hasn’t seen his uncle again. 从那以后他再也没有看见他叔叔了。

  §14game/ match/ race/ sport

  Ⅰ. game 主要指决定胜负的.游戏,通常有一套规则,凡参加者均须遵守。如:

  ① After a game on the wports field they often become good friends. 他们在运动场上进行一场比赛之后,常常变成了好朋友。

  [注]:说“比赛”, 在英国通常用match,在美国通常用game.另外game 的复数形式一般指大型的国际比赛或综合性体育运动会。如:the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会。

  Ⅱ.match 表示相互间正式的体育比赛、球类比赛,英国人常用。

  ① They are going to have a volleyball match. 他们将进行一场排球赛。

  Ⅲ. race 主要用于赛跑、赛车等速度比赛。如:

  ① Who can win the relay race, Class 3 or Class 4? 谁能赢这场接力赛,三班还是四班?

  Ⅳ. sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,跳高,游泳,钓鱼,打猎,赛马和拳术等。如:

  ① Swimming is his favourite sport. 游泳是他最喜欢的运动项目。

  ② Skating is one of the winter sports. 滑冰是一个冬季运动项目。

  [注]复数形式sports可指运动会。如:

  ③ He created a new record in high-jump at our school sports. 在我们学校的运动会上,他创造了跳高新纪录。

  §15gift/ present

  Ⅰ.gift“礼物”指较正式的礼物。如:

  The watch was a gift from his father.

  Ⅱ.present往往与gift通用,但不如gift正式。如:

  ① I’m buying it for a present, so please wrap it up nicely. 我买这东西是作礼物送人的,请你包扎得好一点。

  ② He gave me the book as a present. 他给我这本书作为礼物。

  §16grow / keep / raise / plant

  Ⅰ. grow & plant 都可表示“种植”如种植草、树、苗、花卉粮食等植物。grow 着重指种植以后的栽培、管理过程。

  plant 着重指“种植”这一行为。某人plant a tree 之后,树是死是活,不一定管,但某人grow a tree 则包括培育管理,使其生长的过程。如:

  ① The students are planting trees on the hill. 学生们正在山坡上栽树。(不用grow)

  ② The farmer grows wheat in this field.那位农民在这块田里种植小麦。(不用plant)

  ③ People grow bananas in Hainan. 海南种植香蕉。(不用plant)

  Ⅱ. keep 表“赡养”后可接表人或动物的名词,不用来代替plant 或grow. 如:

  ① He has a wife and three children to keep. 他要养活妻子和三个孩子。

  ② My grandma keeps pigs and hens. 我奶奶养猪养鸡。

  ③ My uncle has a large family to keep. 我叔叔要养活一大家人。

  Ⅲ. raise 除表“饲养(动物)”以外,还可表示“教育(子女)”; “培育(植物)”。如:

  ① We raised a good crop of tomatoes this year.今年我们种的西红柿长得很好。

  ② My grandma raised a family of five. 我祖母养育了五口之家。

  ③ Where were you raised ? 你在哪儿长大?

  ④ He raised some flowers in the back garden. 他在后园里种了一些花。

  [注]:raise 强调从小精心培养到大,通常指培养花卉以及较难管理的植物。如:

  ① Let’s grow / raise some flowers in the garden.咱们在园子里种些花吧。

  ② We grow rice, wheat and cotton in my hometown. 在家乡,我们种植水稻、小麦和棉花。(不宜用raise)

  §17 glad/ happy/merry/ pleased

  这组形容词都有:“高兴、快乐”之意。

  Ⅰ.glad 多用在与人见面时的客套语中,指使人感到:情绪上有短暂的喜悦,常用作表语,一般情况下不作定语。如:

  ① I’m glad to help you with your English. 我很高兴帮你学英语。

  Ⅱ.happy指使人感到内心的满足、幸福和愉快,祝贺新年或庆贺生日时常用到它,可用作表语和定语。如:

  ① Happy New Year! 新年好!

  ② I’ll be happy to meet him. 我将高兴地与他见面。

  Ⅲ.pleased 意为:“对……感到满意/高兴”常与be连用,后面接介词with(sb), at(sth) 等引起的短语,或不定式;pleased 通常不作定语。如:

  ① He is pleased with his new job. 他对他的新工作很满意。

  ② She was very much pleased at the news. 她听到这个消息非常满意。

  [注意]:以下结构可互换:

  be

  Ⅳ.merry 除“高兴”之外,还有耳目可以感到的“热闹”,一般只作定语。如:

  Merry Christmas!祝

  §18 go / walk

  Ⅰ. go 指朝着一定地点的方向运动。如:

  ① We go to school at seven in the morning.

  ② Please go downstairs to have lunch.

  ③ 此外,go的主语还可以是动物、交通工具和机械等。如:

  My watch goes fast.我的表走快了。

  The train goes to Beijing. 火车开往北京。

  Ⅱ. walk 指朝着一定地点或无目的地“走”,常译为“步行、散步”如:

  ① He often walks after supper. 饭后他经常散步。

  ② They are walking along the river. 他们正沿着河岸走。

  ③ Let’s go out for a walk. 我們出去散步吧。

  §19go on with sth/ go on doing sth/

  go on to do sth

  Ⅰ. go on doing sth,“(停顿以后)继续做某事”;“不停地做某事”即做原来在做的事情。如:

  ① Now let’s go on writing. 我们继续往下写。

  ② It’s raining, but the farmers went on working( = kept on working) in the fields. 天在下雨,然而农民們还在地里我停地干活。

  Ⅱ. go on with sth 表示:“间断后做原来没有做完的事”后面跟名词,不能接动词-ing 形式。如:

  ① After a rest, they went on with the work. 休息以后,他们继续劳动。

  Ⅲ. go on to do sth. 指“接着做另一件事”,即接下来做与原来不同人事情。如:

  ① That’s all for the text. Now let’s go on to learn the grammer. 课文就到这里,现在我们接着学语法。

  ② He went on to show us how to translate the sentence in a different way. 他接着教我们如何用另一种方法翻译这个句子。

  §20 go to bed/ go to sleep/ sleep/ be(fall) asleep

  Ⅰ. go to bed 指“就寝”, 只表示“上床去睡”这一动作,无“睡着”之意。是终止性动词。它的对应词 是get up “起床”

  Ⅱ.in bed 表示一种状态,在句中常作表语,意为“躺在床上,睡着”。其中in不能用on 替换。

  Ⅲ. go to sleep 与get to sleep 意义相近,也是终止性动词。即:“入睡、睡着”,强调进入梦乡的过程。“开始睡觉”,即:being to sleep.如:

  ① I don’t know when I went to sleep / got sleep last night. 我不知道我昨晚什么时候睡着的。

  Ⅳ. fall asleep意为“睡着”表示一个动作的过程,侧重于“自然而然地入睡”,有时也含有“不想入睡而入睡”之意;be asleep“熟睡”,强调睡眠的状态,该短语在句中作谓语。

  Ⅴ. sleep 可动词和名词,表“睡着”“睡眠”,是可持续性的动词。

  Ⅵ. asleep 是表语形容词,不能作定语 如:

  ① The children are all asleep. 孩子们都睡着了。

  ② Are you asleep? 你睡着了吗?

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