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初二英语上册知识点宾语从句
漫长的学习生涯中,说起知识点,应该没有人不熟悉吧?知识点是指某个模块知识的重点、核心内容、关键部分。相信很多人都在为知识点发愁,以下是小编帮大家整理的初二英语上册知识点宾语从句,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
一.宾语从句的定义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:
连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if 。代词:who, whose, what ,which 。副词:when ,where, how, why 等。(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句:I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情况中that不能省略
1当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。
例句:I cant tell him that his mother died.
注意事项:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
(二)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是"是否"。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句
1在带to的不定式前
例句:We decided whether to walk there.
1在介词的后面 例句:Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
2在动词后面的宾语从句 例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
3直接与or not连用时 例句:I cant say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1 if引导条件状语从句,意为"如果" 例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
2 if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 例句:He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.
3 引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时 例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.
(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
英语中的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英语中的连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。
例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
例句如下:
1 I dont know what they are looking for.
2 Could you tell me when the train will leave?
3 Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
四.宾语从句的时态
1主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句:She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.
3 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五.宾语从句的特点
1宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
2 宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
3连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略。
4whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但 whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。
5 如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.
初二英语上册宾语从句知识点
宾语从句的概念
She said that she was happy.(“that she was happy” 作 “said” 的宾语)
He is thinking about whether he should go there.(“whether he should go there” 作 “about” 的宾语)
宾语从句是一种从句,在主从复合句中充当宾语的成分。它可以作及物动词的宾语,也可以作介词的宾语。例如:
宾语从句的引导词
Can you tell me where the bank is?(“where” 在从句中作状语)
She asked me who he was.(“who” 在从句中作表语)
与 or not 连用。如:I want to know whether its good or not.
作介词宾语。如:We are talking about whether well go on a picnic.
that 引导的宾语从句:that 在从句中无实际意义,在口语和非正式文体中常可省略。例如:I think (that) he is a good student.
if/whether 引导的宾语从句:表示 “是否”,在句中不能省略。例如:I dont know if/whether it will rain tomorrow. 一般情况下,“if” 和 “whether” 可以互换,但在以下情况最好用 “whether”:
疑问词(连接代词和连接副词)引导的宾语从句:连接代词有 what, who, whom, whose, which 等,连接副词有 when, where, why, how 等。这些引导词在从句中充当一定的句子成分。例如:
宾语从句的语序
错误:I dont know where is he.
正确:I dont know where he is.
宾语从句要用陈述句语序,即 “主语 + 谓语” 的顺序。例如:
宾语从句的时态
She said that she was watching TV at that time.(从句用过去进行时)
He told me that he would come back soon.(从句用过去将来时)
She says she is reading a book now.(从句用现在进行时)
He knows that he went to Beijing last year.(从句用一般过去时)
当主句是一般现在时:宾语从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态。例如:
当主句是一般过去时:宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。例如:
但如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理、自然现象等,不管主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。例如:The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
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