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中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结

时间：2022-10-04 00:43:49 英语词汇我要投稿

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中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结

导语：重点单词跟短语的学习与掌握，对备考中考很重要，小编收集了一些大总结，供同学全面的学习了解，希望能带给您最需要的帮助。

中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结

　　◆1 。 cost / take / spend / pay 花费

　　花费时间做某事： It takes sb some time to do sth 。 = sb spend some time (in)doing sth 。= sb spend some time on sth 。

　　某人花钱买某物： sb spend some money on sth 。 = sb pay some money for sth 。 = sth cost sb 。 some money 。

　　※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。

　　※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ?

　　The sweater ________ me 90 yuan 。 = I _______ 90 yuan for the sweater 。=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater 。

　　He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone 。

　　It ________ her 20 minutes to go home every day 。 = He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day 。

　　◆2 。 thanks for为…而感谢

　　⑴ ______ inviting me to your birthday party 。

　　thanks to 多亏/由于

　　⑵______ your help 。I got good grades 。

　　◆3 。感叹句：多么… what + 名词

　　how + 形容词 / 副词

　　⑴。 ______ bad weather ! ⑵。 ______ hard he works !

　　⑶。 ______ fresh vegetables ! ⑷。 ______ cute a monkey it is !

　　◆4 。因为、由于： because( 连词 ) +从句： ( 表示原因 )

　　because of(介词短语) + 名词(短语 )= thanks to

　　⑴ I didn’t go to school ______ I had a headache 。

　　He was late for class ______ the bad weather 。

　　He can’t come _____ he is ill 。

　　Many people have a cold _____ the cold weather 。

　　※because和 so不能同时连用。

　　◆5 。来自： be from = come from

　　⑴ Where are you from ? = Where ______ you ______ ______ ?

　　⑵ He is from Tibet 。 = He ______ ______ Tibet 。

　　◆6 。 How often 对频率提问 ( 多久一次) →回答用表示频率的副词或短语

　　How long 对一段时间提问 (多久 ) →回答用表示一段时间的状语

　　How soon 对将来时间提问 ( 多久 ) →回答用 in+时间段

　　How far 询问多长距离(多长)

　　⑴- ______ have you been collecting the kites ? -For ten years 。

　　⑵- ______ do you go shopping ? -Sometimes。

　　⑶ - ______ will your father come back ? - In two years 。

　　⑷- _____ do you exercise ? - Once a week 。

　　⑸- _____ is it from your home to school ? - About ten miles 。

　　⑹- _____ are you staying there ? - Two weeks 。

　　◆7 。乘交通工具： take a / the +交通工具在句中作谓语

　　by+交通工具=on a 交通工具在句中作方式状语

　　交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…

　　⑴ He takes a bus to bank 。= He goes to bank by bus 。 = He goes to bank on a bus 。

　　⑵ I walk to school 。 = I go to school ______ 。

　　※ 骑自行车、马或驴用ride ： ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in one’s car

　　◆8 。对不起： Excuse me (劳驾，客套话 )

　　Sorry ( 表示道歉 )

　　⑴ ______ 。Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ?

　　⑵–Would you mind cleaning your room ? - ______ 。 I’ll do it right away 。

　　⑶- Don’t eat in class 。 - _____ 。 Ms Clark 。

　　⑷ _____ ， is this the way to the station ?

　　◆9 。声音： sound ( 自然界各种声音 )

　　noise(噪音)

　　voice(悦耳的声音：嗓子)

　　⑴Lucy has a sweet ______ 。 ⑵That ______ like a good idea 。

　　⑶Don’t make ______ 。 The baby is sleeping 。

　　◆10 。 look like (外貌看起来像… )

　　be like ( 性格像… )

　　⑴ Lily _____ _____ Lucy 。 Oh ， they are twins 。

　　⑵ Tony ______ ______ a monkey because he is cute and playful 。

　　◆11 。 take… to … 带去

　　bring…to …带来

　　fetch 没有方向性(强调来回)

　　⑴ Tony 。 ______ the ball here 。Please 。

　　⑵ My father often ______ me ______ concerts on Sundays 。

　　⑶ ______ your homework _____ school tomorrow 。

　　◆12。一些： some 用于肯定句

　　any 用于否定句和疑问句

　　⑴ I’d like ______ milk 。

　　⑵ –Would you like ______ yogurt ?

　　_ Thanks 。 I don’t want ______ 。

　　※ 在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some 。

　　◆13。多少： How many修饰可数名词复数

　　How much 修饰不可数名词

　　⑴ ______ juice do you want ? ⑵ ______ apples do you want ?

　　⑶- ______is the T-shirt ? –It’s 30 yuan 。

　　※ How much可对价钱提问：How much are the potatoes ?

　　◆14。看：see 强调看的结果

　　look ( at ) 不及物动词，强调看的动作

　　watch 观看：比赛、电视、表演、电影

　　read 读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志

　　⑴Don’t______ in bed 。

　　⑵ We will ______ a basketball game this evening 。

　　⑶ Please ______ the blackboard 。 Everyone 。

　　⑷ I ______ a bird in the tree yesterday 。

　　※On Saturday night 。 I saw an interesting talk show 。

　　On Saturday evening 。 several kids watched a movie 。 watch a movie =go to a movie

　　◆15。 stop doing sth 停止做某事 → Please stop talking 。

　　stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事

　　⑴ The girl soon stopped ______ (cry ) 。 ⑵ He was tired and stopped ______ (have ) a rest 。

　　◆16。 forget / remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：

　　△forget / remember to do sth(忘记/记得去做某事)→ He forgot to turn off the light 。(没有做关灯的动作) Remember to go to the post office after school 。

　　forget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作：

　　△forget / remember doing sth(忘记/记得做过某事)→ He forgot turningoff the light 。(已做过关灯的动作) Don’t you remember seeing the man before ?

　　◆17。到达… reach + 地点

　　get to + 地点 reach = get to

　　arrive + in + 大地点

　　arrive + at + 小地点

　　⑴ He reached London yesterday 。 = He ______ to London yesterday 。 = He ______ in London yesterday 。

　　⑵ She arrived ______ the bus station just now 。 ⑶ You should ______ ( get ) home on time 。

　　※ 当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home get there 省略 to

　　◆18。擅长，在…方面做得好： be good at = do well in 。

　　⑴ She is good at chemistry 。 = She ______ ______ ______ chemistry 。

　　⑵ Niuniu is good at ______ the violin 。 = Niuniu ______ well in ______ the violin 。

　　⑶ Lucy and Lily are twin girls 。Lucy is better ______ dancing than Lily 。but Lily _____ ______ in singing than Lucy 。

　　◆19。 win ( 赢得 )接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize

　　beat( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。

　　⑴ Which team ______ the football match ?

　　⑵ Wang Hao ______ Ma Lin and ______ the champion of the Men’s Singles 。

　　◆20。借 borrow sth 。 from sb = borrow sb 。 sth 向某人借某物→ borrow借入

　　lend sth 。 to sb = lend sb 。 sth把某物借给某人 → lend 借出

　　keep延续性动词，与一段时间连用。

　　⑴ Can you lend me your bike ? = Can you ______ your bike ______ me ?

　　⑵ You can borrow some money ____ your brother 。 = You can borrow yourbrother ____ ____。

　　⑶ - How long can I ______ the book ?

　　- You can _____ it for two weeks 。

　　※ 类似用法的还有：buy — have put on — wear become — be

　　leave — be away from open — be open begin — be on

　　die — be dead return — be back

　　① become He has ______ a doctor 。

　　He has ______ a doctor for 10 years 。

　　② begin The film has ______ 。

　　The film has _________ for ten minutes 。

　　◆21。能，会。be able to

　　can

　　※ 情态动词后面都接动词原形。

　　⑴ We should ______ able to finish the work tomorrow 。

　　⑵ I can ______ (play) the guitar 。⑶ He ______ able to play chess 。

　　◆22。 too many 太多 — 修饰可数名词复数→ I have too many rules in my house 。

　　too much 太多 — 修饰不可数名词→ Maybe you have too much yin 。

　　much too太— 后跟形容词或副词原级→ This coat is much too expensive 。

　　⑴ Eating _____ ______ is bad for your health 。

　　⑵ It’s ______ ______cold today 。 You’d better not go out 。

　　⑶There are______ ______ students in the hallways 。 It’s dangerous 。

　　◆23。 have / has been to 去过某地 →He has been to Beijing 。 (现在不在北京)

　　have / has gone to 去了某地 →He has gone to Beijing 。 (现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中)

　　have/hasbeen in / at在某地

　　⑴I have ever _______ ______ America twice 。

　　⑵ He has ______ ______ Beijing for ten years 。

　　⑶– Where is your brother ?

　　- He______ ______ to Hainan 。

　　⑷ _____ you ever ______ ______ Disneyland ?

　　◆24。 used to do sth 。过去常做某事→ This river used to be very clean 。

　　be(get)used to doing sth 。习惯于做某事 → I’m not used to getting up early 。

　　be used to do sth = be used for doing sth 。被用于做某事→ Pens are used for writing 。

　　⑴ XiaoGang ______ ______ ______ afraid of the dark 。

　　⑵ Thebroom is ______ ______ clean the room 。 = The broom is ______ ______ cleaning the room 。

　　⑶ He ______ ______ ______ living countryside 。There is fresh air and sweet well 。

　　⑷ Wood _____ _____ _____ making paper 。

　　◆25。 belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 (属于)

　　be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 (是)

　　⑴It must ______ Ning’s 。= It must _________ Ning 。

　　⑵ The pencil must be ______ (my) 。 = The pencil must belong to ______ (my) 。

　　⑶ This ball ______ to me 。= This ball is ______ 。

　　◆26。 can’t 不可能 0

　　表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50﹪— 80﹪

　　must 肯定、一定 100﹪

　　⑴ The CD _____ belong to Tony 。 because he likes listening to music 。

　　⑵ The notebook ______ be mine 。It has my name on it 。

　　⑶ The toy ______ be my grandpa 。 After all 。He is an old man 。

　　◆27。 be made from (由…制成)看不出原材料

　　be made of (由…制成)看得出原材料

　　⑴ The table ______ ______ ______ wood 。

　　⑵ Paper ______ ______ ______ wood 。

　　◆28。 prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事

　　prefer sth 。 to sth 。喜欢…而不喜欢…

　　prefer doing sth 。 to doing sth 。喜欢做…而不喜欢做…

　　⑴ I prefer ______ (swim) to ______ (play) balls 。 ⑵ He _______ fish to beef 。

　　⑶ I prefer to ______ (walk) to work 。

　　◆29。一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词： —ed 修饰人

　　—ing 修饰物

　　⑴ I want to go somewhere ______ (relaxing/relaxed) 。

　　⑵ She is ______ in this ______ history story 。 (interesting/interested )

　　※ interesting(有趣的) — interested(感兴趣的) tiring(累人的)— tired(累的，疲倦的)

　　boring (令人无聊的)— bored(无聊的)exciting(令人兴奋的)— excited(激动的)

　　surprising(令人惊讶的) — surprised(惊讶的)

　　relaxing(令人放松的) — relaxed(放松的)

　　embarrassing (令人尴尬的;令人为难的) — embarrassed (尴尬的;为难的)

　　◆30。 the number of + 名词复数(…的数量)作主语，谓语用单数。

　　a number of + 名词复数 (许多、一些)= many

　　⑴ The number of students in our class______ 80 。

　　⑵ ______ number of students are in Helin Middle School 。

　　◆31。 for + 一段时间

　　since + 时间点/过去时的句子

　　⑴ We have been studying English ______ three years 。

　　⑵ He has been staying here ______ he was five years old 。。

　　⑶ We haven’t seen each other ______ ten years ago 。

　　※ for和 since 可以相互转换。如：Jenny has been collecting coins for several years 。= Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ______ 。

　　◆32。除…之外 except (不包括在内)→ Everyone could answer this question except Jim 。

　　besides (包括在内)→There are three girls besides me 。

　　⑴ We all passed the exam ______ Li Yang 。

　　⑵ Many other students like basketball ______ Guo Xiaojun 。

　　◆33。 already 用于肯定句中(已经)

　　yet 用于疑问句末(已经)

　　用于否定句末(还)

　　⑴ Have you seen the film ______ ? ⑵ I haven’t locked the door ______ 。

　　⑶ Mom has _______ watered the flowers 。

　　◆34。否定祈使句 Don’t + v。

　　No + v.ing / n。

　　⑴ Don’t smoke here 。 = ______ ______ here 。 ⑵ Don’t take photos。 = ______ ______ 。

　　◆35。也 too 放肯定句末和疑问句末→Do you play soccer every day ， too ?

　　either 放否定句末

　　also 放肯定句中

　　※ also放在实意动词前，be之后。

　　⑴ She is a girl 。 I am a girl 。______ 。 ⑵ He ______ likes collecting things 。

　　⑶ Lily doesn’t like junk food 。 Her good friend doesn’t like it 。 _______ 。

　　⑷ - I like soap operas 。 –I do ， _____ 。

　　⑸ - I can’t watch TV on school nights 。 –I can’t ， _____ 。

　　◆36。 be strict with sb。对某人要求严格

　　be strict in sth 。对某事要求严格

　　Miss Zhang _____ _____ _____ her work and she _____ _____ _____ her students 。

　　◆37。需要做某事 need to do sth 主语是人

　　need doing sth 主语是物

　　⑴ The classroom _____ cleaning 。 It’s too dirty 。 ⑵ Children _____ to sleep a lot 。

　　⑶ It’s very hot and dry 。 You need ______(wear)cool clothes and the flowers need ______ (water) 。

　　◆38。 through →介词：从内部穿过 (park)

　　across →介词：从表面穿过

　　cross →动词(road。 street。 bridge)

　　⑴ Be careful when you ______ the street 。 ⑵ The manwent______ the forest 。

　　⑶ The train goes ______ the tunnel(隧道)。 ⑷He swam _____ the river 。

　　⑸ We drove _____ the desert (沙漠) 。 ⑹Take a walk _____ the park on Center Avenue 。

　　◆39。 Why don’t you do sth = Why not do sth 。

　　提建议的方式 How /what about doing sth 。

　　Let’s do sth 。

　　⑴ Why don’t you have a cup of tea ? = _____ _____ have a cup of tea ?

　　⑵ Let’s _____ (go) out for a walk 。 ⑶ How about _____ (practice) conversations ?

　　◆40。 So + 助/系/情态 + 主语表示肯定意义(…也是如此)

　　Neither + 助/系/情态 + 主语表示否定意义(…也不)

　　※ 它们都属于倒装句。

　　⑴ My mother didn’t go to school 。______ ______ my father 。

　　⑵ James comes from theUSA 。______ ______ Tom 。

　　⑶ My pen pal can speak Japanese 。 ______ ______ I 。 = Me ______ 。

　　⑷ My sister isn’t outgoing 。 ______ ______ I 。= Me ______ 。

　　◆41。 both 两者都

　　all三者或三者以上都

　　⑴ The twins _____ are good students 。

　　⑵ There are lots of colorful flowers on _____ sides of the streets 。

　　⑶ There are five people in my family 。 We ______ like playing sports 。 My parents ______ love us 。 We are very happy 。

　　◆42。 alone 单独，独自一人 →He is alone at home 。

　　lonely 孤独的，寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 →He lives a lonely life in the country 。

　　⑴ Sometimes he feels quite _____ because he has no friends 。

　　⑵ She lives _____ in that large house 。

　　◆43 in the tree 外来的→I saw a cat in the tree 。

　　on the tree 长在树上的→There are many apples on the tree 。

　　⑴ How many monkeys can you see _____ the tree ?

　　⑵ There are a lot of bananas_____ the tree 。

　　◆44。 in the wall 指在墙体内

　　on the wall 指在墙体表面

　　⑴ There is a map _____ the wall 。

　　⑵ There is a door _____ the wall 。

　　◆45。 on the bed 指物品在床上→My bag is on the bed 。

　　in bed 指人躺在床上→Lily is ill in bed 。

　　⑴ There is a jacket ___________ 。

　　⑵ I have to be ________ by ten o’clock 。

　　◆46。引导结果状语从句：so和such(如此…以至于…)

　　so是副词，后接adj和adv 。句型：

　　△so+adj/adv+that从句→He worked so hard that he got the first prize 。

　　△so+adj+a(n)+n。+that从句 = such+a(n)+adj+n。+that从句→That was so interesting a story that I read it twice 。= That was such an interesting story that I read it twice 。

　　such是形容词，后接n。句型：

　　△such+a(n)+adj+n。+that从句→He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him 。

　　△such+pl。/不可数n+that从句→It is such good weather that we can go swimming 。

　　⑴ He runs ____fast ____ we can’catch him 。 ⑵ Lili is ____a kind girl ____we all love her 。

　　⑵ Tom is ____ a clever boy that he can answer the question 。= Tom is ____ clever a boy that he can answer the question 。

　　⑶ The box is _____ heavy _____ I can’t carry it 。

　　※ 在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时，要用so…that 。so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to或not…enough to代替。如：

　　He is so young that he can’t go to school 。

　　= He is too young to go to school 。

　　= He is not old enough to go to school 。

　　◆47。引导时间状语从句：

　　when + 延续性/短暂性动词→When I was watching TV ， he came in 。 = When he came in ， I was watching TV 。

　　while+延续性动词(多用进行时)→While I was in Shanghai ，I visited him 。

　　⑴ _____ he was sleeping 。 Someone knocked at the door 。= He was sleeping _____ someone knocked at the door 。

　　⑵ _____ the boy heard his mother’s voice ， he stopped crying 。

　　⑶ My mother was cooking _____ I was doing my homework 。。

　　◆48。 at the age of 和 when 引导的时间状语可以互换。

　　I began to play football when I was five years old 。 = I began to play football ________ ____ ____ five 。

　　◆49。 instead 放句首、句末

　　instead of + n/pron/ving = rather than 。

　　⑴ I will go to see her ______ you 。 ⑵ He doesn’t like beer 。give him coke ______ 。

　　⑶ We often sing English song ______ reading aloud 。

　　◆50。 be famous as (作为…而知名) as + 职业/身份/地位→Yi Yuchun is famous as a super girl 。

　　be famous for (以…而著名) for + 出名的原因→Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake 。

　　⑴ Li Bai is famous ______ a poet 。 ⑵ Jackie Chan ia famous ______ his action movies 。

　　⑶ France ia famous _____its fine food and wine 。

　　◆51。看起来像是…似乎/好像… (sb/sth) seems to do sth

　　It seems that +从句

　　⑴ It _____ _____ he feels very sad 。 = He _____ _____ _____ very sad 。

　　⑵ She seems to want to have a drink 。= _____ _____ that she _____ to have a drink 。

　　◆52。 “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 与“宾语从句”的互换。

　　⑴ I will show you where you should go 。= I will show you _____ _____ _____ 。

　　⑵ Idon’t know what to do 。 = I don’t know what _____ 。 A should I do B I should do

　　⑶ Could you tell me how I can get to Summer Palace ?= Could you tell me how _____ _____ _____ Summer Palace ?

　　※ 宾语从句应该用陈述语序。如：Could you please tell me ____ ____ ____ ____ (天气如何)in Chongqi ?

　　◆53。问题/难题 question 由于疑惑不解而提出的问题，多和ask / answer搭配使用。

　　problem指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等，多与solve / work out 搭配。

　　⑴ Please answer my ________ in English 。 ⑵ I can’t work out this maths _______。

　　⑶ This is a difficult _______ to answer 。

　　◆54。 family家/家庭(强调家庭成员，与居住的房子无关)→My family are kind people 。

　　home 家(指人出生或居住的地方，带有一定感情色彩)→Welcome to my home 。

　　house 房子/住宅(居住的建筑物)→They moved to their new house last year 。

　　⑴ How many people are there in your _____? ⑵ I want to save money and buy a big ____ 。

　　⑶ I love Chengdu ， I looked Chengdu as my ______ 。

　　◆55。 in front of (在…前面) 在某一范围以外的前面→There is a tall tree in front of our classroom 。

　　in the front of (在…前部) 在某一范围内的前面→Two personsare sitting in the front of the car 。

　　⑴ The policeman stands ____________ the car 。 ⑵ The driver sits ____________ the car 。

　　◆56。在晚上，在夜里 at night

　　on + a + adj + night

　　⑴ You shouldn’t go out _____ night 。 ⑵ He met a thief _____ a cold night 。

　　◆57。在…之间 between (两者之间)多与and连用。

　　among(三者或三者以上的人或物之间)

　　⑴ She is sitting ______ Lucy and Lily 。 ⑵ He built a house ______ the trees 。

　　◆58。 sometimes 不时;有时(是一般现在时的标志词)→Sometimes I go to school by bus 。

　　some times 几次(此时time是可数名词，意为“次数”)→He has been to Shanghai some times 。

　　sometime 某个时间(表示在过去或将来的某个时候)→ I saw him sometime last year 。

　　some time 一段时间(此时time是不可数名词)→ He will stay here for some time 。

　　⑴ We are going to have a party ________ next week 。⑵ _______ the boy is late for school 。

　　⑶ He spent _________ in cutting hair 。So he missed the early bus 。

　　⑷ Li Jun has been to Bird’s Nest _________ 。

　　◆59。 wear + 衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调状态)→Our teacher often wears a pair of glasses 。

　　put on +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调动作)→Kate puts on her hat and goes out 。

　　be in + 颜色/服饰(强调状态)→The girl in red is my sister 。

　　dress + 人/反身代词 (给某人穿) →She dresses her daughter every morning 。

　　⑴ You’d better ______ your coat 。 ⑵ She was _______ a flower in her hair 。

　　⑶ The boy ______ white is my friend 。 ⑷ He is too young to ______ himself 。

　　⑸ Miss Li often _____ the white sports shoes 。

　　※ dress当表示状态时常用be dressed in + 衣物(穿着…颜色的衣服)→He is dressed in a black coat 。他常穿着黑色的外套。

　　◆ 60。 play + 球类、棋类名词(不加the )play badminton / play chess / play computer games

　　play the +乐器名词。(必须加the) play the violin

　　⑴ - Do you like to play ______ football after class ， Li Lei ?

　　- Yes ，I do 。 A 。a B 。the C 。 /

　　⑵ Sam can’t play ________ (piano)， but he can play ________ (chess) 。

　　81-85: stars, faster, feed, most dangerous, twelfth

　　86-90: cinema, baby, show, earlier, grass

　　91-95: show, closed, museum, kilometres, say

　　96-100: moment, around/round, inside, policewoman, months'

　　101-105:finishes, busiest, fifth, centre，visit

　　106-110:enjoys, matches, driving, plan, colder

　　111-115:businessmen, countries, ready, useful, drier

　　116-120:invented, said, packing, forgets, sleep

　　121-125:found, famous, Thousands, reading, part

　　126-130:called/named, raining, November, happened, hurry

　　131-135:snowmen, hottest, harvest, washing, wrote

　　136-140:really, helping, snowy, men's, hiking

　　141-145:strong, sunshine, inviting/asking, message, smile 1146-150:afraid, Christmas, Festival, during, get-together

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