英语分类词汇之五大洋的表达
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让我们一起看一看世界五大洋的语言根源吧。首先，表示海洋的词汇ocean是怎么来的呢?这个词汇来自拉丁语中的希腊词汇ōkeanos，这个词汇的含义是“围绕着地球的伟大河流”。Ocean这个词最初表示整个水体，古希腊人认为大陆是单片的`土地，水体围绕着整个大陆。后来，ocean被用来与内陆海sea作区分,如地中海(字面上为“在土地的中间”)。
Indian Ocean
印度洋
As (linguistically) it’s the least interesting ocean: it is named simply because it is to the south of India.
这是最普通的海洋的命名，仅仅因为它在印度南面。
Pacific Ocean
太平洋
If you’re wondering whether there’s a link between Pacific and pacify, then you’re not wrong. The name of the ocean was originally a specific use of pacific, meaning ‘peaceful’ or ‘characterized by calmness’. Pacific Ocean derives from Mar Pacifico, the name given in Portuguese, Italian, and Spanish to the body of water in allusion to the calm seas experienced by Ferdinand Magellan on first reaching it in 1520.
如果你想知道太平洋和pacify(安抚/平静)之间的是否有关联,那么你的猜测是正确的。海洋的名字最初是pacific的特定使用,表示“和平”或“以冷静为特点”。Pacific Ocean表达来源于词汇Mar Pacifico,该词汇由葡萄牙,意大利和西班牙兴起，原因是费迪南德麦哲伦于1520年首次航线中发现它的水面较为平静。
Atlantic Ocean
大西洋
Atlantic comes from the Greek Atlantikos, from Atlas, the Titan of Greek mythology who supported the heavens with his great strength. (His image appeared as a frontispiece to early collections of maps in a volume, leading to the modern use of the word atlas.) The term Atlantic originally referred to the Atlas Mountains in North Africa, and hence to the sea near the west African coast, and was later extended to refer to the whole ocean.
大西洋来源于希腊词Atlantikos,来自阿特拉斯,希腊神话中凭借自己的神力撑起天空的巨人。 (他的形象出现在早期图集的卷首插画中,导致现代使用atlas这个词。)Atlantic一词最初指的是北非的阿特拉斯山脉,因此也指西非海岸附近的海域,后来atlantic扩展到指整个海洋。
Arctic Ocean
北冰洋
The Arctic Ocean, unsurprisingly, surrounds the Arctic; that is, the regions around the North Pole. Arctic conceals its origins rather more successfully; it comes from the Greek arktos, meaning ‘bear’ – and also ‘Ursa Major’ and ‘pole star’. The connection between bear and star comes from the story in Greek mythology that the nymph Callisto was turned into a bear and placed as a constellation in the heavens by Zeus.
北冰洋,不出所料,围绕着北极圈(北极圈指北极周围的地区)。Arctic这个词更成功地隐藏它的起源,它来自希腊词arktos,意思是“熊”,也可表示“大熊星座”和“北极星”。熊和星之间的联系来源于希腊神话中的,女神卡利斯托被宙斯变成了一只熊在天空之变成一座星座。
Antarctic Ocean
南冰洋
The Antarctic Ocean, also known as the Southern Ocean, is defined in opposition to the Arctic: Antarctic simply means ‘opposite to the Arctic’. Both Antarctic Ocean and Southern Ocean are in common use as terms, and were originally used in reference to this body of water around the same time, albeit different centuries. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) currently dates Antarctic Ocean to 1699 and Southern Ocean to 1702.
南冰洋,也被称为Southern Ocean(南大洋),这个词产生源于与Arctic(北极)相对:antarctic仅仅表示“北极圈的反方向”。Antarctic Ocean和Southern Ocea都是常用的表达,最初用于表示海洋的时间尽管在不同的世纪，但大致相同,。《牛津英语词典》(OED)目前追溯到的Antarctic Ocean的使用在1699，Southern Ocean可追溯到1702年。
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