2017年职称英语词汇熟记技巧
导语:词汇不足的人在英文听、说、读、写各方面的能力都会受到严重限制。一般大多数人认为背单词既吃力,又成效不大。实际上,若能采用适当的方法,不仅可以缩短扩大词汇量所需的时间,并且能提高记忆单词的质量。以下是小编为大家精心整理的职称英语词汇熟记技巧,欢迎大家阅读参考!
一、结合记忆法
将比较生疏,不常用的单词放入一定的语言环境——句子中,结合句意来记忆单词。遇到此单词时,若词义忘记,则可通过回忆所在句子的意思来记忆单词。例如:
slope
n. ①倾斜;坡度;斜度
There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck. 船的甲板总有几分倾斜。
②斜面;斜坡
We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我们爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。
vi. 倾斜。
The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 铁路在此处有轻微的倾斜。
critical
adj. ①批评(性)的,吹毛求疵的.
I don't like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜欢对每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。
②紧要的,关键的;危急的
His condition is reported as being very critical. 据报告他的情况非常危急。
通过此法来掌握词汇,既有助于记住单词本身的拼写、拼读,又可同时熟悉词的词义、词性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背记单词效果要好。
二、同类记忆法
将同类词汇收集在一起,同时背记。注意,同类词汇与同义词不同:同义词是指意思相同,而同类词是指基本属性相同、具体意义的层次,级别或范围不同的一类词汇。
如headmaster和principal是同义词,都表示,“中小学校长”;president和chancellor是同义词,都表示大专院校“校长”。这两组词是同类词汇,都表示“校长”,但具体级别不同,所以两组词不是同义词。
再如bachelor(学士)、master(硕士),doctor (博士)三个词都表示学位授予的情况,但具体级别不同,所以这三个词也是一组同类词汇。
这样,将同类词汇放在一起记忆,当遇到其中一个词时,头脑中出现的就是一组词,效率大大提高了。
三、比较记忆法
把同义词或形似词放在一起,加以区别。记忆的过程是一组组,一对对单词同时记忆。职称英语中有很大一部分都是对同义词或近义词的考察,需要平时进行记忆和积累。
例题1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. started
B. finished
C. changed
D. made
答案:B
例题2:Michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. largely
B. possibly
C. just
D. rarely
答案:C
Merely/ only/ just
四、构词法记忆法
通过掌握构词法来记忆单词。英语主要有三种构词法:
1)转化,即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如:
picture (n)画-picture (v)描绘
water (n)水-water (v)浇水
例题1: He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. behavior
B. style
C. mode
D. attitude
答案:A
解释:
Conduct (v.)引导,管理,为人,传导
Conduct (n.)操守,行为
Conductor (n.)列车员,售票员,指挥者,导体等
Semi-conductor 半导体
例题2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. suffer
B. accept
C. receive
D. endure
答案:D
解释:
bear (n.)熊
bear (v.)负担, 忍受, 带给, 具有, 挤
2)派生,即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词,例如:happy→ unhappy(加前缀) happiness(加后缀)
例题1: The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. promote
B. paint
C. polish
D. produce
答案:D
例题2: Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. mental
B. physical
C. natural
D. hard
答案:B
man-, manu- =hand
manage(管理), manual(体力的,手册), manuscript(手写稿), manufacture(生产), manumit(释放)
例题3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. every year
B. severely
C. actively
D. every month
答案:A
Ann= year
Anniversaire (French)
Anniversary, annals(编年史), annuity(年金)
3)合成,即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如:
wood(木) cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)
pea(豌豆) nuts(坚果)→ peanut(花生)
例题1: In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. judgement
B. result
C. decision
D. event
答案:B
五、根义记忆法
利用根义代替记忆多义,可以解决“没有生词”却老读不懂的问题。
比如要问immediate(ly)是否已记住,回答当然是肯定的。那么就请看下面三个“没有生词”的片段:
a) The woman walks immediately behind the car.
b) She is my immediate neighbor.
c) the immediate cause
若没有读懂,那么就请看immediate(ly)根义
中间没有间隔(地)
1)(时间)立刻;
2)(空间)紧挨,通接,紧跟,
3)(关系)直接
例题1:He will leave immediately. (2005职称英语用书)
A. far away
B. right away
C. right here
D. soon
答案:B
例题2:Can you follow the plot? (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. change
B. investigate
C. understand
D. write
答案:C
请看下面几句中的follow 分别都是什么意思?
She went into the building, followed by a group of students.
The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.
I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.
六、几组对容易混淆词进行特别记忆
(1)有些字可当形容词又可当副词,例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.
We had an early breakfast. (形容词)
We went by a fast train. (形容词)
We had breakfast early. (副词)
Don't speak so fast.(副词)
(2)有些形容词变为副词, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不过在字义上不同。
(A) easy “安适地”; easily “容易地”:
Stand easy!
He's not easily satisfied.
(B) clear ( = completely “完全地”; clearly“显然地”;)
The bullet went clear through the door.
The thieves got clearly away.
(C) high “高”; highly “很;非常”;
The birds are flying high.
He was highly praised for his work.
(D) Slow 和 slowly当副词时同义, 但 slow比 slowly语气强.
I told the driver to go slow(er).
Drive slowly round these bends in the road.
(E) hard “辛苦地”; hardly “几乎不”;
He works hard. (= He is a hard worker.)
He hardly does anything nowadays. (= He does very little nowadays.)
(F) just “刚才;仅”; justly “公正地”;
I've just seen him.
He was justly punished.
(G) late “迟”; lately (= recently)“最近地”;
He went to bed late.
I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.
(H) Pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分,颇”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”;
The situation seems pretty hopeless.
She was prettily dressed.
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