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四六级考试必考的语法点

时间：2022-10-08 17:02:33 英语六级我要投稿

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四六级考试必考的语法点

　　导语：英语四六级复习除了要掌握基本知识外，也要了解一些英语的语法内含。CNFLA学习网小编整理了一些英语四六级复习必备的英语语法内容，从细微处了解你所学的语言吧!

四六级考试必考的语法点

　　1同位语边缘知识归纳

　　一、什么叫同位语

　　当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。如：

　　Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for aninterview. 劳拉·迈尔，BBC的记者，要求采访。

　　Influenza, a common disease, has no cure. 流行性感冒是一种常见病，无特效药。

　　Mary, one of the most intelligent girls I know, isplanning to attend the university. 玛丽是我所认识的最聪敏的姑娘之一，她正准备上大学。

　　Who is that man, the first in the front row? 前排第一个人是谁?

　　We have two children, a boy and a girl. 我们有两个孩子，一个男孩和一个女孩。

　　以上所举的同位语例子都是同位语的基本形式，一般不会出错。但有有几种同位语，或由于身本结构特殊，或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊，往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下，希望引起同学们的'注意。

　　二、特殊同位语归纳

　　1. 代词we, us, you等后接同位语

　　Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗?

　　They three joined the school team. 他们3人参加了校队。

　　She has great concern for us students. 她对我们学生很关心。

　　He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。

　　We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。

　　2. 不定式用作同位语

　　Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start the generalattack与the order同位)

　　He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走，我在那里接他上了车。(to walk along…与the instruction同位)

　　3. -ing分词用作同位语

　　He’s getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a track与a job同位)

　　She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。(ironing shirts与a place同位)

　　The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(attacking atnight与the first plan同位)

　　4. 形容词用作同位语

　　The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在广州举行。

　　He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他读了很多书，古今中外都有。

　　People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都来到街头观看游行。

　　【注】这类同位语与定语比较接近，可转换成定语从句。如：

　　The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

　　=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.

　　5. none of us之类的结构用作同位语

　　We none of us said anything. 我们谁也没说话。

　　We have none of us large appetites. 我们谁饭量都不大。

　　They neither of them wanted to go. 他们两人都不想去。

　　They’ve neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他们两人谁也没能赢得她的信任。

　　【注】注意，同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的“数”，如：

　　学生每人都有一本词典。

　　正：The students each have a dictionary.

　　误：The students each has a dictionary.

　　请比较下面一句(谓语用了单数，因为each为句子主语)：

　　正：Each of the students has a dictionary.

　　6. 从句用作同位语(即同位语从句)

　　They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。

　　I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息说她可能晚到。

　　The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。

　　The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。

　　2the fact that 的语法功能

　　一、用于引导主语从句

　　在许多情况下，当语义上需要用一个较复杂的that从句用主语时，若直接将其置于句首位置，则会显得“头轻脚重”。这时，我们通常采用的办法便是使用形式主语it来改变句子结构。如：

　　That he had no girl friends worried his parents alot.= It worried his parents a lot that he had no girlfriends. 他没有女朋友，这件事使他父母非常不安。

　　That he has fully recovered makes me feel good.=Itmakes me feel good that he has fully recovered. 他已痊愈，真令我高兴。

　　That he had not said anything surprised everybody.=It surprised everybody that he had notsaid anything. 他一言不发，这使大家很吃惊。

　　在比较正式的文体中，有时也可借助the fact这一辅助手段，按以下方式改写句子：

　　The fact that he had no girl friends worried his parents a lot.

　　The fact that he has fully recovered makes me feel good.

　　The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

　　二、用于介词后引导宾语从句

　　按英语习惯，介词后面通常不能直接跟一个that从句作宾语，遇此情况，人们通常在that从句前使用thefact。这样一来，就变成了the fact用作介词的宾语，而其后的that从句则成了the fact的同位语从句。如：

　　They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。

　　I didn’t go out because of the fact that it was raining. 因为在下雨，所以我没出去。

　　Were it not for the fact that you helped me, I would be homeless. 若非你的帮助，我仍会无家可归。

　　He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. 他必须勇于正视自己不再年轻这一事实。

　　It’s time you woke up to the fact that you’re not very popular. 你早就该明白你不怎么受欢迎了。

　　The judge paid a lot of attention to the fact that the child was unhappy at home. 法官非常注意这一情况，即孩子在家里并不快乐。

　　He said the parents were responsible for the fact that the child had run away. 他说孩子父母应对孩子逃跑一事负责。

　　注：英语中只有极个别介词(如except等)可直接跟that从句。如：

　　The two books are the same except that this one has an answer key at the back. 除了这本书后面有问题答案以外, 这两本书完全一样。

　　三、用于动词后引导宾语从句

　　英语中有的动词虽为及物动词，可接名词或代词作宾语，但通常不接that从句作宾语。若语义上需要接一个that从句，则可借助the fact结构。如：

　　I dislike the fact that he smokes. 我厌恶他吸烟。

　　No one can deny the fact that fire burns. 无人能否认火能燃烧的事实。

　　You can’t escape the fact that she has got married three times. 她结过三次婚，这个事实你是不能逃避的。

　　We must face the fact that we might lose our deposit. 我们必须正视我们可能失去存款这一事实。

　　I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them onthe telephone. 我羡慕他经常在课外与学生聊天或通过电话与学生聊天。

　　下题中的 that if 是什么意思

　　She promised _________ he had enough money shewould marry him.

　　A. that B. if C. that if D. if that

　　【分析】此题应选 C，其余几项均有可能误选。句子的'正常词序为 She promised that she would marry him if hehad enough money. 由于将条件状语从句 if he hadenough money 插入动词 promised 与其宾语从句之间，从而导致许多同学误选。顺便说一句，本来动词 promise 后接宾语从句时，引导宾语从句的 that 是可以省略的，但是按英语习惯，当动词与其宾语从句之间插有其他成分时，引导宾语从句的 that 通常不宜省略，所以此题不宜选B。又如：

　　She promised that if anyone found her son she would give him a lot of money. 她答应要是谁找到她儿子，她会给他一大笔钱。(句子可改为 She promised that she would give him a lot of money ifanyone found her son.)

　　He said that when his wife came back he would leave. 他说等他妻子一回来，他就离开。(句子可改写为He said that he would leave when his wife came back.)

　　Tell him that if he is at home I’ll come to see him. 告诉他，如果他在家，我就去看他。(句子可改写为Tell him (that) I’ll come to see him if he is at home.)

　　3八种宾语从句不省略that

　　引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略：

　　1. 宾语从句前有插入语。如：

　　We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at homewith us. 恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。

　　2. 有间接宾语时。如：

　　He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。

　　3. that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。如：

　　He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。

　　4. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。如：

　　I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。

　　5. that从句单独回答问题时。如：

　　—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事?

　　—That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。

　　6. 在except等介词后。如：

　　He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。

　　7. 位于句首时。如：

　　That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。

　　8. 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。如：

　　He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。

　　whatever与no matter what

　　有这样一道题：

　　It is generally considered unwise to give a child__________ her or she wants.

　　A. whatever B. no matter what C. whenever D. nomatter when

　　此题应选 A。容易误选B。选项C、D显然是错的，因为句中的` wants 缺宾语，而C、D两项不能作宾语。至于C、D 的区别，可这样描述：no matter what 只能引导状语从句，而不引导名词性从句。而 whatever 既可引导名词性从句(=anything that)，也可引导状语从句(=nomatter what)：

　　1. 引导名词性从句(只用whatever)：

　　无论他做什么都是对的。

　　正：Whatever he did was right.

　　误：No matter what he did was right.

　　无论他说什么似乎都有道理。

　　正：Whatever he says sounds reasonable.

　　误：No matter what he says sounds reasonable.

　　山羊找到什么就吃什么。

　　正：Goats eat whatever they find.

　　误：Goats eat no matter what they find.

　　2. 引导状语从句(两者可换用)：

　　无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。