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过去完成时的被动语态用法集锦
导语：被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。下面是小编为您收集整理的过去完成时的被动语态用法，希望对您有帮助!
过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成，表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或状态，句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导时间状语。
We had built five new buildings by the end of last year.
过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式：
(1)肯定结构：主语+ had been done +其他成分
(2)否定结构：主语+ had not been done +其他成分
(3)疑问句结构：had +主语+ been done +其他成分;
疑问词+ had +主语+ been done +其他成分
过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况：
(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。
By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?
Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?
(2)在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。
The said the production costs had been reduced.
The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.
The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
(3)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。
As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.
He did what he had been told to
另：当从句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。
When he arrived, he called her.
They locked the door before they left.
相关知识拓展：过去完成时的构成
(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况：
①by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时刻的短语或从句。
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
The train had left before we reached the station.
②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/ planned/ meant/ intended/ thought/ wanted/ expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示，即had hoped/ planned/ meant/ intended/ thought/ wanted/ expected to have done。
③“时间名词+before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时;“时间名词+ago”在句子中状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。
He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.
Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.
④表示“一……就……”的几个句型：
Hardly/ No sooner/ Scarcely had +主语+过去分词+when/ than/ before+一般过去时。
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
(2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
After he (had) left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
过去完成时态的结构：
1.肯定句：主语+had+done+others
例句： He had sent the letter.
翻译：他已经把信寄出去了。
2.否定句：主语+had+not+done+others
例句：However,Her father had not brought her birthday presents.
翻译：然而，她的父亲没有给她带来生日礼物。
3.疑问句：had+主语+done+others
肯定回答：YES,主语+had/否定回答：NO,主语+ hadn’t
例句：Had Lisa gone to costume ball ?
Yes,she had.\No,she hadn’t.
翻译：丽莎去化妆舞会了吗？
是的，她去了。\没有，她没去。
4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+had+主语+done+others
例句：Why had The Castle become a memory of generation?
翻译：为什么这座城堡会成为一代人的记忆？
5.被动语态：主语+had（not）been+done+others
例句：At the end of last year,another magic design had been completed.
翻译：去年年底，另一个神奇的设计已经完成。
过去完成时态的用法
1.在宾语从句中的运用
例句：Lizzy asked John what the professor had said in class.
翻译：利兹问约翰教授在课堂上说了什么。
解析：这里“said”的动作在“ask”之前.
2.在定语从句中的运用
例句：Yesterday, I helped an old man who had lost her way.
翻译：昨天，我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
解析：who引导的定语从句.
3.在以主语+had done, before/by+过去时间状语词组/从句中的运用
例句：Mr.Wanghad attended the conference and delivered a speech before he visited Yorkshire.
翻译：王先生在访问约克郡之前参加了会议并发表了演讲。
解析：before引导的从句，一般过去时.
4.Had done在虚拟语气中的运用（属于较特殊情况）
（1）在虚拟条件句中的运用，此时的意思要根据语境而定，可以与虚拟语气一起来归纳。主要表示与过去事实相反的愿望，即与过去事实相反。
例句：If I I had taken your advice, I would have got a good grade in the exam.
翻译：如果我听了你的建议，我会在考试中取得好成绩。
解析：had taken表明过去我没有采取建议.
（2）有expect，intend，suppose（假定），hope,think等动词的过去完成时在句中出现时，表示未实现的打算，希望，愿望的意味。
例句：I expect that I had been an intern in that company.
翻译：我想我曾在那家公司实习过。
解析：同样地，我并不是这个公司的实习生.
（3）在If only（但愿，要是） or wish出现的虚拟语气中，同样也表示与过去事实相反的愿望，想法。
例句：Honestly,if only I had studied in university.
翻译：老实说，要是我在大学里学习就好了。
解析：事实上我没有，与现实相反.
5.在时间状语从句中的运用,例如一些引导词 since, until, no sooner...than, hardly...when, scarcely...when 等，一般可视为 "had done" 出现的信号,从句常用一般过去时。
例句：No sooner had Whitney Houston began to sing a song than there was an instant sensation.
翻译：惠特尼·休斯顿刚开始唱歌，就立刻引起了轰动。
解析：注意：这里由于no sooner 否定前置，句子谓语部分倒装，所以”had”提前.
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