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职称英语考试词汇:介词about的用法
about是一个英语单词,可以用作介词、形容词和副词,可以翻译为关于、大约,等等。下面小编为您收集整理了职称英语考试词汇中介词about的用法,希望对您有帮助!
1、动词+about+sth.。about在此表示“论及,谈起,涉及,着手”等意思:
arrange about安排,argue about辩论, ask about询问,bring about带来,
chat about闲聊,care about在意,complain about报怨,go about着手,
hear about听说, inquire about打听,know about了解, quarrel about争论,
read about读到, see about负责处理,set about开始, speak about谈起,
talk about谈论, think about考虑, trouble about担心,tell about讲述,
worry about着急。
现举例说明其中一些短语的用法:
She inquired about my brother. 她向我打听有关我兄弟的情况。
I must set about my packing. 我必须开始收拾行装。
What are you chatting about? 你们在聊什么呢?
2、be +形容词+about+sth.。about在此意思是“为…,对…”,接表原因的词:
be anxious about为…着急, be bad about对…感到不舒服,be busy about忙于…,
be careful about小心…, be certain about对…有把握, be concerned about关心…,
be crazy about为…发狂,be excited about为…感到激动, be happy about为…而高兴,
be mad about为…发疯,be nervous about对…感到紧张, be particular about挑剔…,
be pleased about为…兴奋,be strict about对…严格,be thoughtful about对…考虑周到的,
be uneasy about为…感受到不安。
请看例句:
What have you been busy about today? 今天在忙些什么?
You are certainly very thoughtful about others. 你为别人想得太周到了。
I’m strict about such things. 对这些事我是很严格的。
注:come about发生,get about(疾病、谣言)流行,turn about转身,
leave about到处乱放,lie about随便堆放,put about打扰;传播,
put oneself about使…发愁。这些词组中about作副词,此时about不能接宾语。
拓展:常用介词的用法辨析
(1)表时间的介词
1)at, in on
表示时间点用at。例如:at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。例如:in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。例如:on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。
2)since, after
由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。例如:
I haven’t heard from him since last summer.
After five days the boy came back.
3)in, after
in与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的`词语。After与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如:
He will be back in two months.
He will arrive after four o’clock.
He returned after a month.
(2)表示地点的介词
1)at, in, on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如:
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village before dark.
There is a big hole in the wall.
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.
2)over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如:
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.
3)across, through
across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如:
The dog ran across the grass.
The boy swam across the river.
They walked through the forest.
I pushed through the crowds.
4) in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;in the front of 表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。例如:
There are some tall trees in front of the building.
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.
3.介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。
(1)介词与动词的搭配
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…,等。
(2)介词与名词的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。
(3)介词与形容词的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。
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