英语四级常考时态解析
由于汉语与英语的巨大差别,时态在英语学习中至关重要。英语中将事情发生的时间分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,发生的方式可分为一般、过去、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了一般、完成、进行、完成进行几种时态。下面是小编帮大家整理的英语四级常考时态解析,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。
现在:
现在一般时do、现在完成时have done、现在进行时is doing、现在完成进行时have been doing
过去:
过去一般时did、过去完成时had done、过去进行时was doing、过去完成进行时had been doing
将来:
将来一般时will do、将来完成时will have done、将来进行时will be doing、将来完成进行时will have been doing、
过去将来:
过去将来一般时would do、过去将来完成时would have done、过去将来进行时would be doing、过去将来完成进行时would have been doing
英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。
要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。
1、一般现在时
主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。
基本形式(以do为例):第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);
肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;
He works for us.
否定句:主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形+其他;
He doesn't work for us.
一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语
Does he work for us?
Yes, he does
He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. 他每天7点上班。
2、现在进行时
表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。
主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词) 表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事
We are having English class. 我们正在上英语课。
3、现在完成时
表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。
4、一般过去时
表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的`影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once;
during the war; before; a few days ago
be动词+行为动词的过去式,否定句式:在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not;was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。
He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。
5、过去进行时
表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。主语+was/were+doing+其它
Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月,北京正在举办29届奥运会。
6、过去完成时
表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ),基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)
They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了(工作)。
7、一般将来时
表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year等表示将来的时间状语连用。
am/are/is+going to+do 或will/shall+am/is/are/about to + do 、am/is/are to + do; 一般将来时的表达方法be going to +动词原形、be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to+动词原形、be able to +不定、 be about to+动词原形、will + 动词原形;
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。
8、将来进行时
表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。主语+will + be +现在分词
Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。
9、将来完成时
表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。(shall)will+have+动词过去分词、before+将来时间或by+将来时间。
By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底,他步行将达到1000英里。
这些时态的基本知识可谓是大家学习英语的重要基础,也是考试中作文和翻译最容易出现纰漏的地方,要掌握这些知识最好的方法就是多读多写多练习,预祝大家考试顺利过关!
扩展资料:
四级语法:各种时态下的被动语态
首先,被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。
下面我们以give为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:
一般现在时:am/is/are+given
The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practice and is based on pictures and topics.
一般过去时:was/were+given
These computers were made in our own country.
一般将来时:will/shall be+given
Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?
过去将来时:would be+given
The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
现在进行时:am/is/are being+given
The machine is being repaired in the workshop. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are being developed and perfected now.
过去进行时:was/were being+given
The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky
现在完成时:has/have been+given
Swift progress has also been made in culture and education.
过去完成时:had been+given
The huge bridge had been damaged before the World WarⅡ.
将来完成时:will/shall have been+given
The book will have been published by the end of next month.
1. 现在完成时、过去完成时以及将来完成时之间的区别
1) 现在完成时:
① 构成:have / has +过去分词
② 语法意义及要点:
A. 现在完成时表示一个过去开始的状态或动作持续到现在并可能继续持续下去,常同表示一段时间的状语连用。如so far, up to now, since, for a long time等。
--He has worked as a teacher for many years.
--Up till now, nothing has gone wrong.
B. 现在完成时表示一个过去发生的对现在仍有影响的动作或事件。常与不确定的过去时间状语连用,如yet, just, before, recently等;也同表示频度时间状语连用,如often, ever, never, sometimes, several times等;还可同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, today, this morning等。但不能同特定的过去时间状语连用(last year , in 1997等)。
--I have never learned Japanese before.
--We have been quite busy lately (recently)。
C. 在时间或条件状语从句中,当表示将来完成时的意义时,要用现在完成时来代替将来完成时。
--We’ll start at 5 o’clock if it has stopped raining by then.
--I shall go to see you when I have finished my homework.
Note: 行为不能持续的瞬间动词(Instantaneous Verb), 如arrive, begin, come, go, start, leave, die, join等通常不能用于这一语法意义,即该类动词在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
--He has joined the army for five years. (误)
--He has been in the army for five years. (正)
2) 过去完成时:
① 构成:had +过去分词
② 语法意义及要点:
过去完成时表示某一动作或情况发生在过去某一时刻之前并持续到该时刻。
--David and Jenny had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
--They had got everything ready before the party began.
Note: 与现在完成时截然不同的是过去完成时可以与表示具体过去的时间状语连用。
--He said that he had seen her the day before yesterday.
3) 将来完成时:
① 构成:shall / will + have +过去分词
② 语法意义及要点:
将来完成时表示某一动作在将来某一时刻或将来某一动作之前已经完成或发生。
--He will have graduated from high school before his next birthday.
--The shop will have closed already before you get there.
2. 哪些动词不能用于进行时
1) 表示状态的动词,如be, seem, appear, become, get等。
He is being a used-car dealer.(误)
He is a used-car dealer.(正)
She is seeming always about to smile.(误)
She seems always about to smile.(正)
2) 表示感官感觉的动词,如see(看见), hear(听见),feel(感觉出), taste(尝出),smell(闻到)等。
The medicine is tasting bitter. (误)
The medicine tastes bitter. (正)
I was seeing a car passing by our house. (误)
I saw a car passing by our house. (正)
3) 表示拥有的动词,如have, own, possess, belong, contain, hold等。
He is owning a luxurious car. (误)
He owns a luxurious car. (正)
The book is belonging to her. (误)
The book belongs to her.(正)
4) 表示思想状况、态度的动词,如believe, think, know, understand, agree, approve, consider, expect, forget, guess, hesitate, hope, imagine, mean, realize, remember, suppose, trust, want, wish等。
I’m thinking that he is right. (误)
I think that he is right. (正)
I’m understanding your feelings. (误)
I understand your feelings. (正)
5) 表示情感、愿望的动词,如admire, appreciate, care, enjoy, like, love, hate, detest, regret等。
He is loving his daughter very much. (误)
He loves his daughter very much. (正)
I’m regretting to say we cannot come. (误)
I regret to say we cannot come. (正)
3. 时态的呼应
时态的呼应又称时态一致(Sequence of Tenses),指的是某些从句里的动词谓语时态必须和主句里的时态保持一致。
如果主句里的谓语动词是过去时态(过去时或过去完成时),那么从句的谓语动词时态也相应地要用过去时。时态的呼应主要发生在间接引语和宾语从句中,但其他从句有时也存在时态一致的问题。
--He explained that he had learned Chinese for many years.(现在完成时变为过去完成时)
--He said he had been collecting materials on that subject for a long time.(过去进行时变为过去完成进行时)
--He told me that they would have completed that project by the end of the year.(将来完成时变为过去将来完成时)
虽然主句用了过去时等,如果从句表示的是科学真理、客观事实或某人(物)的经常性特点时,其时态可以不必遵守时态呼应的规则而仍用一般现在时。
--Galileo proved that the earth revolves round the sun.
--The teacher told the students that knowledge is power.
如果从句中有一个表示绝对过去时间的状语,就不必把一般过去时变为过去完成时。
--He said that he joined the Red Army in 1933.
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