高中英语阅读复习的方法

时间:2021-01-19 15:13:17 英语阅读 我要投稿

高中英语阅读复习的方法

  高中英语学习方法:英语阅读复习攻略

高中英语阅读复习的方法

  从我们学习第一个英语字母开始,一直以来,就企盼得到一个东西,那就是传说中的“语感”。这是英语老师应对同学们各种挑战而屡试不爽的法宝。假如语言的美真的来自于感觉,那么对语言的考察是不是就显得有点神秘抑或荒诞?很多同学抱怨,为什么这篇文章我看得懂,却做不对?为什么我觉得这道题每个答案都说的通?其实很简单,因为很多同学在选答案的时候都不问为什么,而只是“让心灵去旅行”。

  高考阅读理解部分在考察过程中,对考生更加注重阅读技巧的运用,而不仅仅是阅读内容的掌握。所以,对于一些阅读能力很强的考生,即使文章读得一知半解,正确率也能保证在80%以上。阅读理解的题材和体裁一直以来都保持多样化的态势,语言材料新、来源广、语言地道、真实,具新颖性、教育性、可靠性和可读性。阅读材料多数来源于最新的国外书报时文,所以要求考生对每篇文章都有亲切感几乎是不可能的;但是,题型设计上,细节、归纳(主旨)题、推理题和词义题的格局却几乎没有被撼动过,尤其是细节归纳题的核心地位,所以今天我们一起分享一下这两种题型的解答。

  细节题

  细节题在每年的高考阅读部分总是能占到半壁以上的江山。细节题的重要性由此可见一斑,然而细节题实则为阅读理解部分最简单的题型。如果考生能在原文中找到对应答题点,想选错几乎是不可能的事情。

  首先,高考真题的细节题排列,其答题点和题目出现的顺序的意义对应的。以2007年全国二卷B篇为例,

  61. Which of the following eats only one type of food? 62. Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________. 答题点分别为…Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly(蝴蝶)will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. …The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season. 因此,如果考生发现该篇文章的第一道题是关于时间、地点、人物、事件等为核心的问题,答案却出现在篇章尾部,那就非常值得怀疑。

  除了对答题范围的预估,具体的答题的点查找显得更为关键。很多考生都有一个这样的困惑:虽然在看文章前有先看问题的习惯,但总是感觉看来和没看一样,相望了无痕。问题的根源在于,很多考生并不知道在看题干时到底需要看些什么。我们可以举几个例子:

  06年北京卷

  72. Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions? 07年全国二卷

  65. Right after McKenzie came back, the other children were _____. 08年全国一卷

  69. In what way is the Snowdonia Centre different from the other two holidays? 08年全国二卷

  59. Where can visitors have lunch? 08年江苏卷

  64. Parents with small children visiting the gallery ? 以上是就最近3年高考题中,随机选择的几道细节题题干。考生在预估出卷人意图时并不需要对题干进行细致精到的分析,只需要稍微把握关键词,对句意囫囵吞枣也未尝不可。而这些“枣子”一般是那些不能被消化、被替换的词语,比如:专有名词、术语等,如果没有这些成分,一般名词或动词则应该被关注;数词在考查过程中,虽然会出现一些简单的运算,但因为其形式的独特性,所以也需要特别留意。也就是说,在审题的过程中,关注等级为(专有)名词、动词、数词。

  因此,以上五道题,着重关注的点分别是:06年北京卷—Loftus,volunteer;07年全国二卷—McKenzie,children,08年全国一卷—Snowdonia Centre,holidays,08年全国二卷—visitor,lunch,08年江苏卷—parents,children,gallery。当考生在同一个句子,或相邻的句子中看到了这些词,或者近义词,答案就极有可能近在咫尺了。

  归纳题

  归纳题,有时也被称之为主旨题,主要着眼于对考生事实和观点,现象和本质的区分能力。对于什么是观点、本质,什么是事实、现象,很多考生总觉得有“花非花,雾非雾”的朦胧迷乱感。其实,只要盯住一篇文章的四个角落:首段首句,首段尾句,尾端首句,尾段尾句,就基本上不会出现方向上的偏离。这里的“句”,即可以是一个完整的句子,也可以是复杂句中的主句。比如,2008年全国二卷的第四篇文章,这四个角落的句子分别为:

  Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers. …

  The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动) …theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness. 首段只有一个句子,提出句中的核心名词chocolate,coughs,medicines。段末的两句话,都有一个词theobromine,虽然不确定这是什么,但可以保证一定和段首的chocolate,coughs,medicines所形成的逻辑链条有关。所以,综合这些信息,大概可以推断文章主要分析chocolate能够治疗coughs,当成medicines,因为里面有theobromine,而且没有什么side effects。

  因此56. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? B便成了自然之选。

  A. Codeine: A New Medicine B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs C. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case D. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs 高考中细节归纳题是分布于难度等级中的基础难度和中等难度,比重为80%左右。当考生把握到了这些,保证每次阅读理解都能拿到16个以上的正确率,才有可能谈技巧,实现另外10%的突破。

  我一个很会玩牌的朋友曾经对菜鸟级别的我说过,赢牌的秘诀就是保证你在摸到王的时候一定要赢,没摸到的时候一定不要输。细节归纳题就是高考中的一手小牌,它不足以让你赢,但好好把握一定不会输。不是每个人都能把把拿到好牌,学会理性的分析,简单的应对,以不变应万变,却并不一定会糟糕。最近《高考1977》在热映,如果康德也参加了这一场改变了无数人命运的考试的话,能让他“以时时翻新、有增无已的赞叹和敬畏”充满心灵的事情也许就不止两件了,但我确信一定不会有一个东西—那就是语感,至少在阅读理解这一部分。

  高三英语教案 My teacher

  教案 My teacher

  教学目标

  词汇:l.burst into laughter 2.look back upon 3.born作形容词,表示“天生的” 4.Simple-minded 5.bring… into touch with(这里的into可以与in互换) 6.human beings 7.pity sb. 8.once作连词的用法 9.be struck by… 10.never…until… 11.keep on doing(sth.)与keep doing(sth.) 12.No matter +关系代词/关系副词的用法 13.Owe… to… 14.vote for 15.in praise of

  :主要表语的用法,列出了常用的一些连系动词,如:fall,seem,appear,prove,sound,go,remain,make,become和grow。另外,be,get,turn,look,taste,smell等也为连系动词。

  日常交际用语:l.I wonder if I could…

  2.Would/Do you mind if I …?

  3.Go ahead.

  4.You’d better not.

  5.Of course./Yes./Sure./Certainly.

  在书面表达方面,本单元要求具有用英语写请求别人允许自己去干某事的信或要求别人向自己提供某件东西的`信的。写这两种内容的英文信,都要求措辞婉转、礼貌,忌用命令式的语气。

  教学建议

  Diction

  1.born(adj.) 相当于destined to be, 意为天生的,生来的,在句中可作定语和表语。如:

  George was a born leader. 乔治是天生的领袖。

  No one is a born slave. 没有人生来就是奴隶。

  All men are born the same, and equal. 所有人出生时都是一样的,都是平等的。

  2.strike(vt.)可作“给留下深刻印象”解,常用于被动结构。如:

  We were struck by the professor’s speech.教授的给我们留下深刻印象。

  Everyone was struck with its beauty.它的美丽给大家留下深刻印象。

  How does the plan strike you?你对计划的印象如何?

  3.短语动词get back相当于return to a former condition,or to a point formerly reached,意为恢复,回复到。如:

  He has got his strength back after his illness.他病后体力已经恢复了。

  The student was glad to get back to his books after a vacation that had seemed too long.在似乎过于漫长的假期后学生乐于回到书本上来。

  get back还可作“回来”(come back),“后退”(move backwards or away),“收回”(gain)解。如:

  I never lend books; it’s difficult to get them back.我从不把书借出,很难讨回书。

  Get back! The roof is falling!往后退!屋顶要塌了!

  He has just got back from his long journey.他长途旅行后已回来。

  4.demanding(adj.)意为苛刻的,要求极高的,费力的,在句中作定语。如:

  This was a demanding job, but he didn’t refuse it.这是一件费事的,但他并未拒绝。

  We have to look after the demanding boy.我们不得不照顾那个难对付的孩子。

  5.owe(v.)原作“欠钱”,“欠债”解,引申作“欠情”,“感恩”,“感激”,“归功于”解。owe sth.to sb.这一结构表示欠某人某物。如:

  I own 50 dollars to him. (= I owed him 50 dollars. ) 我欠他50美元。

  We own a great deal to our parents and teachers.我们应对父母和感恩戴德。

  I own my knowledge of English to my father. (= I own thanks to my father for the knowledge of English.)我的英语是父亲教给我的。

  6.短语动词keep on + v-ing相当于continue + to-v/v-ing意为“继续”,“不顾困难而坚持下去或坚持做某事”。如:

  Although it started raining, they kept on working.虽然开始下雨了,他们仍继续坚持工作。

  The teacher kept on asking the students questions until the bell rang.老师不断向学生提问,直到铃响。

  keep doing sth.和keep on doing sth.意义及用法相同,但后者更强调决心和重要性。如:

  He kept coughing all morning.他整个上午不停地咳嗽。

  He kept on phoning me, but I really didn’t want to talk to him.他不断给我打电话,但我实在不想和他说话。

  keep或keep on后跟表示动作的-ing形式,不可接动词不定式或表示静止状态的-ing形式,不能说He kept on to talk. 也不能说They kept on sitting.

  7.as well as意为和,同;不但……而且。如果主语是单数,后面有as well as引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数。如:

  On Sundays, his landlady provided dinners as well as breakfast.星期日,房东供应他正餐和早餐。

  Lily as well as Lucy was at home.莉莉和露西都在家里。

  as well as还可作“不但……而且”解,相当于not only…but also,但前者强调句子重心在as well as前,后者强调重心在but also后。如:

  We students of English should study Chinese as well as English. ( =We students of English should study not only English but also Chinese. ) 我们学英语的学生不但要学英语,还要学汉语。

  It is important for you as well as for me.它对你和对我同样重要。

  8.短语go crazy意为发狂,发傻,发疯。go(link-v.)表示“变为”,后跟形容词,有时跟过去分词等。如:

  Your hair has gone quite white.你的头发全白了。

  She went pale at the news.听见这消息她脸色变苍白。

  The children must not go hungry.孩子们不应该挨饿。

  Fruit quickly goes rotten in hot weather.热天里的水果很快腐烂。

  All the men here go armed.这里所有的人武装起来。

  表示“变为”,“改变”还有get,turn,grow,come,run等连系动词。如:

  He has run out of ink.他用完了墨水。

  My dreams came true at last.我的梦想终于实现了。

  Its getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天里天气越来越暖和。

  【知识扩展】

  1.课文中struggling in…是现在分词短语作原因状语,相当于:As I struggled in…。如:

  Being old enough to learn to read and write, she was sent to a nearby primary school.由于她年龄大得可以学读书写字了,她被送往附近的小学上学。

  Not knowing how to find the place, I went to ask a policeman.由于不知道如何找到地方,我去问警察。

  struggle (v./n.)意为奋斗,斗争;挣扎(着走)等。如:

  He struggled in the dark, without advice, without encouragement.他在黑暗中奋力挣扎,无人给他指教或鼓励。

  A bird was caught in the net and was struggling to get free.一只鸟被捕落网,正挣扎着试图得到自由。

  He tried to escape but his struggles were useless.他试图逃跑,但他的挣扎是徒劳的。

  5.表语 连系动词加表语构成复合谓语。表语通常说明主语的身份、特征、状态等。表语通常由下列词类表示。

  1)名词或代词。如:

  Lei Feng remains a hero in our minds.雷锋仍然是我们心目中的英雄。

  This is someone else’s coat. It’s not mine.这是别人的外套,不是我的。

  2)形容词或分词。如:

  Her mother died when she was eight years old.她八岁时母亲去世。

  My speech was ill-formed and not pleasant to hear.我的话很不规范,很不好听。

  Please keep quiet! I’ve something important to tell you.请保持安静!我有要事告诉你。

  3)数词。如:

  Two and two is four.二加二等于四。

  Bill is always the first to arrive.比尔总是第一个到。

  4)动词不定式或-ing形式。如:

  To see is to believe. (或Seeing is believing. ) 眼见为实。

  One of the first things Annie did was to teach me how to play.在安妮最先做的事情中,有一件事就是教我怎么玩耍。

  I must have appeared to them to be simple.对他们来说我准是一个头脑简单的人。

  The greatest difficulty was finding a job for Tom.最大的困难是为汤姆找工作。

  5)副词。如:

  I’m afraid I must be off now.恐怕我得走了。

  He has been away on a long trip.他离家去长途旅行。

  6)介词短语。如:

  Annie was among the first to realize it.安妮是最先认识到这一点的人中的一个。

  How long has Bill been in bed? 比尔卧床休息多久了?

  7)词组。如:

  The classroom is three times the size of the bedroom.教室有卧室的三倍大。

  He was on his way to a lecture, when a tourist stopped him and asked for direction.他在去的路上被一名游客拦住问路。

  8)从句。如:

  Another good reason for taking a part-time job is that employers usually perfer to hire someone who has already some work experience.打零工还有另一个很好的理由,这就是雇主通常喜欢雇佣有些工作经验的人。

  6.连系动词 连系动词除be外,通常还有下面三类:

  1)表示由一种状态变为另一种状态,有become,grow,get,go,turn,come,run等。如:

  He has run out of ink.他用完了墨水。

  You will grow stronger each time.你每次都会变得更强壮。

  2)表示处于、保持某种状态,有stay,remain,keep,turn out,prove,stand等。如:

  Although he has made great achievements, he remains modest.虽然他取得巨大,仍保持谦虚。

  I’m sorry for the mistake. I stand corrected.很抱歉我犯了错误。我将被指正。

  The temperature has stayed hot this week.本周气温保持炎热。

  I hope it will turn out better.我希望情况会好些。

  3)表示感觉到某种状态,有look,feel,seem,appear,sound,taste,smell等。如:

  The fish soup tasted delicious.鱼汤尝起来很可口。

  The flowers smell sweet.花闻起来香。

  She always seemed well pleased,happy and contented.她似乎总是高兴,愉快和满足。

  表语

  连系动词加表语构成复合谓语。表语通常说明主语的身份、特征、状态等。表语通常由下列词类表示。

  1)名词或代词。如:

  Lei Feng remains a hero in our minds.雷锋仍然是我们心目中的英雄。

  This is someone else’s coat. It’s not mine.这是别人的外套,不是我的。

  2)形容词或分词。如:

  Her mother died when she was eight years old.她八岁时母亲去世。

  My speech was ill-formed and not pleasant to hear.我的话很不规范,很不好听。

  Please keep quiet! I’ve something important to tell you.请保持安静!我有要事告诉你。

  3)数词。如:

  Two and two is four.二加二等于四。

  Bill is always the first to arrive.比尔总是第一个到。

  4)动词不定式或-ing形式。如:

  To see is to believe. (或Seeing is believing. ) 眼见为实。

  One of the first things Annie did was to teach me how to play 高一.在安妮最先做的事情中,有一件事就是教我怎么玩耍。

  I must have appeared to them to be simple.对他们来说我准是一个头脑简单的人。

  The greatest difficulty was finding a job for Tom.最大的困难是为汤姆找工作。

  5)副词。如:

  I’m afraid I must be off now.恐怕我得走了。

  He has been away on a long trip.他离家去长途旅行。

  6)介词短语。如:

  Annie was among the first to realize it.安妮是最先认识到这一点的人中的一个。

  How long has Bill been in bed? 比尔卧床休息多久了?

  7)词组。如:

  The classroom is three times the size of the bedroom.教室有卧室的三倍大。

  He was on his way to a lecture, when a tourist stopped him and asked for direction.他在去听课的路上被一名游客拦住问路。

  8)从句。如:

  Another good reason for taking a part-time job is that employers usually perfer to hire someone who has already some work experience.打零工还有另一个很好的理由,这就是雇主通常喜欢雇佣有些工作经验的人。

  连系动词

  连系动词除be外,通常还有下面三类:

  1)表示由一种状态变为另一种状态,有become,grow,get,go,turn,come,run等。如:

  He has run out of ink.他用完了墨水。

  You will grow stronger each time.你每次都会变得更强壮。

  2)表示处于、保持某种状态,有stay,remain,keep,turn out,prove,stand等。如:

  Although he has made great achievements, he remains modest.虽然他取得巨大成功,仍保持谦虚。

  I’m sorry for the mistake. I stand corrected.很抱歉我犯了错误。我将被指正。

  The temperature has stayed hot this week.本周气温保持炎热。

  I hope it will turn out better.我希望情况会好些。

  3)表示感觉到某种状态,有look,feel,seem,appear,sound,taste,smell等。如:

  The fish soup tasted delicious.鱼汤尝起来很可口。

  The flowers smell sweet.花闻起来香。

  She always seemed well pleased,happy and contented.她似乎总是高兴,愉快和满足。

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