高中常用英语词汇辨析
1.electric与electrical
这两个近义词都是形容词,都是电的意思,二者不同的是:electric指由电产生的或带电的,而electrical指有关电(学)方面的,如:My brother is an electric engineer. My brother is an electrical engineer.
2.daily与everyday
这两个词都是形容词,每日的意思,在句中作定语。daily指每天或每个工作日发生的事,侧重于每天的事。everyday指事物的正常、普通,并不强调每日发生的事,但有时也可互换。如:He likes reading the daily newspaper at breakfast each morning.他喜欢每天在吃早餐时看日报。He gets daily wage.他每日取酬。He learn everyday English from daily newspaper every day.他每日从日报上学习日常英语。every day为时间副词短语,意为每天。
3.ter与latter
二者均为late的比较级,但latter只许用于特殊的用法,且不与than连用。later作形容词或副词时,意为较迟的(地),较后的(地),如:in one's later life在晚年。He came later than usual.他比平时晚来一点。latter作形容词时,通常用于名词前,意为后者的,末尾的,如:in the latter part of a speech演说的后半段,the latter half of the year下半年。latter还可用作代词,the latter与the former是一组反义词组。
4.pick, pick out, select与choose
这几个词都表示挑选选择。pick是口头用语,指无需仔细考虑或鉴别就能作出的选择。如:You can pick whichever one you like.你喜欢哪个就挑选哪个。pick out着重强调从数或量很多的东西中挑选,意为选出,如:He was picked out from thousands of applicants.他是从众多的应聘者中挑选出来的。choose表一般性的选择或挑选,强调作出决定的意愿行为。如:She chose the red sweater rather than the pink one.她宁愿选那种红色的毛衣而不选那件粉红色的。select语气较强,指经仔细斟酌和淘汰,审慎地从许多同类事或人中择取最好者。如:Customers selected the best apples.顾客精心地挑选苹果。
5.seem与appear
这两个词均可表示仿佛好像,常可互换,其细微区别如下:appear强调视觉印象,是一种表面印象,表面看来如此,实际怎么样就不知道了,有时这种视觉印象可能是错觉或不符实际。seem是暗示有一定根据的判断,用于讲话人主观认为好像的场合。如:He appears happy.他看起来很幸福。He seems to be happy.谈话者主观认为他很幸福。下面例句足见其区别:He appears pale but he seems not to be sick.他虽然面色苍白,但好像没病。
6.on sale与for sale
for sale(个人所有物)出售的待售的,a house for sale房屋出售,not for sale(告示)非卖品。He put his car up for sale.他把汽车拿出来卖。on sale销售中上市廉价的特价的,如:They sell eggs on sale today.今天那家店鸡蛋大减价。on sale多指商品性质的东西。The summer wear is on sale.夏装正在销售。
7.all together与altogether
all together是一个形容词短语,多表示其原义,所有的人在一处,同时在一起。如:Today we are all together for the Spring Festival.因为春节,今天我们都聚集在一起了。altogether是个副词,表示总共,完全,如:How much is it altogether?这一共多少钱?
8.invent与discover
invent指创造发明以前不存在的东西或方法。如:Bell invented the telephone.贝尔发明了电话。invent还可指虚构或捏造一个情况。如:He invented an excuse for being absent.他捏造了一个缺席的借口。而discover则指发现不为人们所知但实际存在的.事物。如:Do you know who discovered America?你知道是谁发现美洲的吗?I discovered that she was a good cook.我发现她很擅长烹饪。
9.contain与include
两词都有包含的意思。区别在于:contain可用于表示包含所含之物的全部或部分(have or hold within itself);而include则只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分(have…as part of a whole),如:The parcel contained a dictionary.那包裹里装的是一本字典。Does the price include postage?这价钱包含有邮费吗?另外,contain有克制,抑制之意。如:She could hardly contain her excitement.她抑制不住内心的激动。与include有关的including, included用法如下:We all went to the museum, Lily included.我们去了博物馆,莉莉也去了。The band played many songs, including some of my favourites.乐队演奏了很多曲子,包括我最喜欢的几首。
10.job, work, labour与task
这四个词都有工作的意思,其差异如下:
①job是可数名词,work是不可数名词,一般情况下可通用。如:His job (work) is as a teacher.他的职业是教师。但下面情况不可通用,如:I heard he changed jobs.我听说他已换了许多工作。I go to work (at) 7∶20.我七点二十去工作。He has a good job in a bank.他在银行里有个好职业。out of a job/out of work失业。
②labour一般指体力劳动,work泛指体力或者脑力劳动,如:It took many months of labour to build the house.建筑这房屋花了好几个月的劳动。The majority of men earn their living by physical labour.大多数人靠从事体力劳动谋生。
③task多指困难的或令人疲倦的工作,如:It’s a difficult task.这是一件(令人)困难的工作。Mary’s task is to tend the children.玛丽的任务是照料孩子。
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